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Roman Military Campaigns

In Wales and Southern England

Aulus Plautius (AD43-46)

NameN.G.Ref.Description
CAMVLODVNVM (Colchester, Essex)TL9925legionary fortress Legio XX Valeria.
Longthorpe, CambridgeshireTL1597vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana.
Lake Farm, DorsetSY9999fort, vexillation fortress Legio II Augusta.
Alchester, Bicester, OxfordshireSP5720fort, vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina.
NOVIOMAGVS (Chichester, West Sussex)SU8604vexillation fortress Legio II Augusta.
RATAE (Leicester)SK5804probable vexillation fortress of Legio IX Hispana.
RVTVPIAE (Richborough, Kent)TR3260invasion bridgehead and naval base.
Fingringhoe Wick, EssexTM0519naval base serving legionary fortress at Colchester.
MAGNVS PORTVS (Bosham Harbour, West Sussex)SU8003naval base serving the early fortress at Chichester.
Hamworthy, Poole Harbour, DorsetSZ0090naval base serving vex. fortress at Lake Farm.
Topsham, DevonSX9688naval base
CAESAROMAGVS (Chelmsford, Essex)TL7006fort, later civitas capital of the Trinovantes
CANONIVM (Kelvedon, Essex)TL8618fort
Stanway, Colchester, EssexTL9622fort set in the middle of the British royal enclosure.
COMBRETOVIVM (Baylham House, Suffolk)TM1152fort
Ixworth, SuffolkTL9369fort, possibly named Sitomagus.
DVROBRIVAE (Water Newton, Cambridgeshire)TL1296fort
Great Chesterford, EssexTL5043fort
VERVLAMIVM (St. Albans, Hertfordshire)TL1307fort, later civitas capital of the Catuvellauni
Shapwick, DorsetST9402fort near the Lake Farm campaign fortress.
DVNVM (Hod Hill, Dorset)ST8510fort in corner of a Durotriges hillfort.
Charterhouse on Mendip, AvonST5056fort protecting silver workings in the Mendip Hills.
CORINIVM (Cirencester, Gloucestershire)SP0201fort, later civitas capital of the Dobunni.
Great Casterton, LeicestershireTF0009fort
CAVSENNAE (Ancaster, Lincolnshire)SK9843fort
AD PONTEM (East Stoke, Nottingham)SK7550fort
Broxtowe, NottinghamshireSK5242fort
Marton, LincolnshireSK8382fort
Kirmington, HumbersideTA1011fort

Publius Ostorius Scapula (AD47-52)

NameN.G.Ref.Description
MANDVESSEDVM (Mancetter, Warwickshire)SP3296vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina
ISCA (Exeter, Devon)SX9292signal-station, legionary fortress Legio II Augusta
GLEVVM (Gloucester)SO8318legionary fortress Legio XX Valeria
VIROCONIVM (Wroxeter, Shropshire)SJ5607Leighton vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina?
Wroxeter auxiliary fort Cohors Primae Thracum?
south of the later civitas capital of the Cornovii.
Rhyn Park, ShropshireSJ3037vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina?
Topsham, DevonSX9688naval base serving the fortress at Exeter.
STATIO DEVENTIASTENO (Nanstallon, Cornwall)SX0356fort
Charterhouse on Mendip, AvonST5056fort guarding the silver mines in the Mendip Hills.
CORINIVM (Cirencester, Gloucestershire)SP0201fort Ala Gallorum Indiana?
later civitas capital of the Dobunni.
Alcester, WarwickshireSP0857fort
LETOCETVM (Wall, Staffordshire)SK0906fort
Drayton LodgeSJ7609fort close to the Watling Street near VXACONA.
Metchley, BirminghamSP0483fort
PENNOCRVCIVM (Water Eaton, Staffordshire)SJ9010fort
Greensforge, StaffordshireSO8688fort
Stretton Grandison, Hereford & WorcesterSO6343fort
GOBANNIVM (Abergavenny, Gwent)SO2914fort
Cardiff, South GlamorganST1876fort
Stretford Bridge, Craven Arms, ShropshireSO4284fort
Brandon Camp, Hereford & WorcesterSO4072Roman fort in corner of Iron-Age hillfort.
Brompton, ShropshireSO2493fort and campaign camps
Hindwell Farm, Walton, PowysSO2560fort
Clifford, Hereford & WorcesterSO2446large fort

Aulus Didius Gallus (AD52-57)

NameN.G.Ref.Description
Osmanthorpe, NottinghamshireSK6756vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana?
Newton-on-Trent, LincolnshireSK8273vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana?
Rossington Bridge, South YorkshireSK6399vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana?
LETOCETVM (Wall, Staffordshire)SK0906vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina?
PENNOCRVCIVM (Kinvaston, Staffordshire)SJ9010vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina?
AD PONTEM (East Stoke, Nottingham)SK7550fort
DERVENTIO (Littlechester, Derbyshire)SK3537fort
Marton, LincolnshireSK8382fortlet
Broxtowe, NottinghamshireSK5242fortlet
LVTVDARVM (Pentrich, Derbyshire)SK3852signal station near silver/lead mines in the lower Pennines

Quintus Veranius (AD57/58)

NameN.G.Ref.Description
VIROCONIVM (Wroxeter, Shropshire)SJ5608legionary fortress Legio XIV Gemina
GLEVVM (Gloucester)SO8318vexillation fortress Legio XX Valeria
BVRRIVM (Usk, Gwent)SO3700vexillation fortress Legio XX Valeria.
ISCA DVMNONIORVM (Exeter, Devon)SX9292legionary fortress Legio II Augusta.
SALINAE (Droitwich, Hereford & Worcester)SO8963fort
Greensforge, South StaffordshireSO8688fort
Wall Town, ShropshireSO6978fort
Stretton Grandison, Hereford & WorcesterSO6343fort
Stretford Bridge, Craven Arms, ShropshireSO4284fort
Llwyn-y-Brain, PowysSO0492large fort
Brompton, ShropshireSO2493fort
Hindwell Farm, Walton, PowysSO2560fort
Clyro, GwentSO2243fort
GOBANNIVM (Abergavenny, Gwent)SO2914fort
Cardiff, South GlamorganST1876fort
Cae Gaer, PowysSN8281fortlet/signal station
Erglodd, DyfedSN6590fortlet/signal station
Penmincae, PowysSO0053fortlet/signal station
Coed-y-Caerau, Bulmore, GwentST3791fortlet/signal station

Gaius Suetonius Paulinus (AD58-61)

NameN.G.Ref.Description
VIROCONIVM (Wroxeter, Shropshire)SJ5608legionary fortress Legio XIV Gemina.
Longthorpe, CambridgeshireTL1597vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana.
GLEVVM (Gloucester)SO8318vexillation fortress Legio XX Valeria.
BVRRIVM (Usk, Gwent)SO3700vexillation fortress Legio XX Valeria.
ISCA DVMNONIORVM (Exeter, Devon)SX9292legionary fortress Legio II Augusta.
AQVAE SVLIS (Bath, Avon)ST7564probable fort, occupied by cohorts of Legio XX Valeria
perhaps also Ala I Thracum
CORINIVM (Cirencester, Gloucesterhire)SP0201fort, guarding the civitas of the Dobunni
perhaps garrisoned by Ala Gallorum Indiana
CAMVLODVNVM (Colchester, Essex)TL9925Colonia, pre-Roman capital of the Trinovantes.
LONDINIVM (London)TQ3281Claudian administrative centre
VERVLAMIVM (St. Albans, Hertfordshire)TL1307municipium and civitas capital of the Catuvellauni.
PENNOCRVCIVM (Water Eaton, Staffordshire)SJ9010earlier fort, contemporary marching camps? later fort?
LETOCETVM (Wall, Staffordshire)SK0906earlier fort, contemporary marching camp? possibly of Paulinus expeditionary force returning from North Wales.
Greensforge, South StaffordshireSO8688earlier fort, contemporary marching camps? later fort?
CAESAROMAGVS (Chelmsford, Essex)TL7006fort, later civitas of the Trinovantes.
COMBRETOVIVM (Baylham House, Suffolk)TM1152fort, on the border between the Iceni and the Trinovantes.
SITOMAGVS (Ixworth, Suffolk)TL9369fort, on the border between the Iceni and the Catuvellauni.
Great Casterton, LeicestershireTF0009fort, on the border between the Iceni and the Coritani.
The Lunt, Baginton, Coventry, WarwickshireSP3475fort and horse-training gyrus

Publius Petronius Turpilianus (AD61/2-63)

"Petronius neither challenged the enemy nor was himself molested ..."
Cornelius Tacitus Annals XIV.xxxix

Marcus Trebellius Maximus (AD63-69)

"Trebellius was less energetic, had no military experience, and kept the province in hand by a mild-mannered administration."
Cornelius Tacitus Agricola XVI.iv
NameN.G.Ref.Description
GLEVVM (Gloucester)SO8318legionary fortress Legio II Augusta.
VIROCONIVM (Wroxeter, Shropshire)SJ5608legionary fortress Legio XX Valeria.

The most notable episode in this governor's administration was the withdrawal of the Fourteenth Legion from Wroxeter by the emperor Nero for use in Germany in AD67. This required a re-shuffling of the British legionary forces; the Twentieth were moved from Usk to replace the Fourteenth at Wroxeter, the Second were moved up from Exeter to Gloucester, and the Ninth were later reunited in a new legionary fortress at Lincoln.

Marcus Vettius Bolanus (AD69-71)

"Nor did Vettius Bolanus ... distress Britain with discipline ..."
Cornelius Tacitus Agricola XVI.v
NameN.G.Ref.Description
LINDVM (Lincoln)SK9771legionary fortress Legio IX Hispana.

Quintus Petilius Cerialis (AD71-73/4)

NameN.G.Ref.Description
EBVRACVM (York)SE6052legionary fortress Legio IX Hispana.
LINDVM (Lincoln)SK9771legionary fortress Legio II Adiutrix.
Rey Cross, DurhamNY9012camp between Brough and Bowes
Crackenthorpe, CumbriaNY6523camp SE of Kirkby Thore
Plumpton Head, CumbriaNY5035camp between Old Penrith & Braugham
LVGVVALIVM (Carlisle, Cumbria)NY3956probable camp

Sextus Julius Frontinus (AD73/4-77/8)

NameN.G.Ref.Description
ISCA SILVRVM (Caerleon, Gwent)ST3390legionary fortress Legio II Augusta.
DEVA (Chester)SJ4066fort
LEVOBRINTA (Forden Gaer, Powys)SO2098fort
MEDIOMANVM (Caersws, Powys)SO0292fort
CICVCIVM (Brecon Gaer, Y-Gaer, Powys)SO0029fort
Coelbren, West GlamorganSN8510fort
Castell Collen, PowysSO0562fort
Blaen-cwm-Bach, West GlamorganSS7997large camp 3 miles E of Neath
Twyn-y-Briddallt, Mid GlamorganST0098large camp 9½ miles W of Gelli-gaer
Pen-y-Coedcae, Mid GlamorganST0687large camp 6½ miles W of Caerphilly

Later Roman Troop Movements in Wales

Welsh Forts Abandoned During the Hadrianic Period

Caerhun | Caer Gai | Abergavenny | Tomen-y-Mur | Coelbren | Pennal | Penydarren | Neath | Gelligaer | Cardiff I | Bryn y Gefeiliau

Welsh Forts Occupied During the Late-Antonine Period

Caernarfon | Forden Gaer | Castell Collen | Caersws | Brecon Gaer | Carmarthen? | Llanio? | Loughor?

Welsh Forts Occupied During the Severan Period

Caernarfon | Forden Gaer | Castell Collen | Caersws | Brecon Gaer

Click Here to Continue with the Campaigns of Gnaeus Julius Agricola

The main sources used in compiling the above information were: The Roman Invasion of Britain, Rome Against Caratacus, and Boudicca, all three books by Graham Webster, and Britons and the Roman Army by Grace Simpson. Several copies of the essential Ordnance Survey Map and Guide - Roman Britain were also consulted.

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