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Roman Military Campaigns

In Wales and Southern England

Aulus Plautius (AD43-46)

Name	N.G.Ref.	Description
CAMVLODVNVM (Colchester, Essex)	TL9925	legionary fortress Legio XX Valeria.
Longthorpe, Cambridgeshire	TL1597	vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana.
Lake Farm, Dorset	SY9999	fort, vexillation fortress Legio II Augusta.
Alchester, Bicester, Oxfordshire	SP5720	fort, vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina.
NOVIOMAGVS (Chichester, West Sussex)	SU8604	vexillation fortress Legio II Augusta.
RATAE (Leicester)	SK5804	probable vexillation fortress of Legio IX Hispana.
RVTVPIAE (Richborough, Kent)	TR3260	invasion bridgehead and naval base.
Fingringhoe Wick, Essex	TM0519	naval base serving legionary fortress at Colchester.
MAGNVS PORTVS (Bosham Harbour, West Sussex)	SU8003	naval base serving the early fortress at Chichester.
Hamworthy, Poole Harbour, Dorset	SZ0090	naval base serving vex. fortress at Lake Farm.
Topsham, Devon	SX9688	naval base
CAESAROMAGVS (Chelmsford, Essex)	TL7006	fort, later civitas capital of the Trinovantes
CANONIVM (Kelvedon, Essex)	TL8618	fort
Stanway, Colchester, Essex	TL9622	fort set in the middle of the British royal enclosure.
COMBRETOVIVM (Baylham House, Suffolk)	TM1152	fort
Ixworth, Suffolk	TL9369	fort, possibly named Sitomagus.
DVROBRIVAE (Water Newton, Cambridgeshire)	TL1296	fort
Great Chesterford, Essex	TL5043	fort
VERVLAMIVM (St. Albans, Hertfordshire)	TL1307	fort, later civitas capital of the Catuvellauni
Shapwick, Dorset	ST9402	fort near the Lake Farm campaign fortress.
DVNVM (Hod Hill, Dorset)	ST8510	fort in corner of a Durotriges hillfort.
Charterhouse on Mendip, Avon	ST5056	fort protecting silver workings in the Mendip Hills.
CORINIVM (Cirencester, Gloucestershire)	SP0201	fort, later civitas capital of the Dobunni.
Great Casterton, Leicestershire	TF0009	fort
CAVSENNAE (Ancaster, Lincolnshire)	SK9843	fort
AD PONTEM (East Stoke, Nottingham)	SK7550	fort
Broxtowe, Nottinghamshire	SK5242	fort
Marton, Lincolnshire	SK8382	fort
Kirmington, Humberside	TA1011	fort

Publius Ostorius Scapula (AD47-52)

Name	N.G.Ref.	Description
MANDVESSEDVM (Mancetter, Warwickshire)	SP3296	vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina
ISCA (Exeter, Devon)	SX9292	signal-station, legionary fortress Legio II Augusta
GLEVVM (Gloucester)	SO8318	legionary fortress Legio XX Valeria
VIROCONIVM (Wroxeter, Shropshire)	SJ5607	Leighton vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina? Wroxeter auxiliary fort Cohors Primae Thracum? south of the later civitas capital of the Cornovii.
Rhyn Park, Shropshire	SJ3037	vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina?
Topsham, Devon	SX9688	naval base serving the fortress at Exeter.
STATIO DEVENTIASTENO (Nanstallon, Cornwall)	SX0356	fort
Charterhouse on Mendip, Avon	ST5056	fort guarding the silver mines in the Mendip Hills.
CORINIVM (Cirencester, Gloucestershire)	SP0201	fort Ala Gallorum Indiana? later civitas capital of the Dobunni.
Alcester, Warwickshire	SP0857	fort
LETOCETVM (Wall, Staffordshire)	SK0906	fort
Drayton Lodge	SJ7609	fort close to the Watling Street near VXACONA.
Metchley, Birmingham	SP0483	fort
PENNOCRVCIVM (Water Eaton, Staffordshire)	SJ9010	fort
Greensforge, Staffordshire	SO8688	fort
Stretton Grandison, Hereford & Worcester	SO6343	fort
GOBANNIVM (Abergavenny, Gwent)	SO2914	fort
Cardiff, South Glamorgan	ST1876	fort
Stretford Bridge, Craven Arms, Shropshire	SO4284	fort
Brandon Camp, Hereford & Worcester	SO4072	Roman fort in corner of Iron-Age hillfort.
Brompton, Shropshire	SO2493	fort and campaign camps
Hindwell Farm, Walton, Powys	SO2560	fort
Clifford, Hereford & Worcester	SO2446	large fort

Aulus Didius Gallus (AD52-57)

Name	N.G.Ref.	Description
Osmanthorpe, Nottinghamshire	SK6756	vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana?
Newton-on-Trent, Lincolnshire	SK8273	vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana?
Rossington Bridge, South Yorkshire	SK6399	vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana?
LETOCETVM (Wall, Staffordshire)	SK0906	vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina?
PENNOCRVCIVM (Kinvaston, Staffordshire)	SJ9010	vexillation fortress Legio XIV Gemina?
AD PONTEM (East Stoke, Nottingham)	SK7550	fort
DERVENTIO (Littlechester, Derbyshire)	SK3537	fort
Marton, Lincolnshire	SK8382	fortlet
Broxtowe, Nottinghamshire	SK5242	fortlet
LVTVDARVM (Pentrich, Derbyshire)	SK3852	signal station near silver/lead mines in the lower Pennines

Quintus Veranius (AD57/58)

Name	N.G.Ref.	Description
VIROCONIVM (Wroxeter, Shropshire)	SJ5608	legionary fortress Legio XIV Gemina
GLEVVM (Gloucester)	SO8318	vexillation fortress Legio XX Valeria
BVRRIVM (Usk, Gwent)	SO3700	vexillation fortress Legio XX Valeria.
ISCA DVMNONIORVM (Exeter, Devon)	SX9292	legionary fortress Legio II Augusta.
SALINAE (Droitwich, Hereford & Worcester)	SO8963	fort
Greensforge, South Staffordshire	SO8688	fort
Wall Town, Shropshire	SO6978	fort
Stretton Grandison, Hereford & Worcester	SO6343	fort
Stretford Bridge, Craven Arms, Shropshire	SO4284	fort
Llwyn-y-Brain, Powys	SO0492	large fort
Brompton, Shropshire	SO2493	fort
Hindwell Farm, Walton, Powys	SO2560	fort
Clyro, Gwent	SO2243	fort
GOBANNIVM (Abergavenny, Gwent)	SO2914	fort
Cardiff, South Glamorgan	ST1876	fort
Cae Gaer, Powys	SN8281	fortlet/signal station
Erglodd, Dyfed	SN6590	fortlet/signal station
Penmincae, Powys	SO0053	fortlet/signal station
Coed-y-Caerau, Bulmore, Gwent	ST3791	fortlet/signal station

Gaius Suetonius Paulinus (AD58-61)

Name	N.G.Ref.	Description
VIROCONIVM (Wroxeter, Shropshire)	SJ5608	legionary fortress Legio XIV Gemina.
Longthorpe, Cambridgeshire	TL1597	vexillation fortress Legio IX Hispana.
GLEVVM (Gloucester)	SO8318	vexillation fortress Legio XX Valeria.
BVRRIVM (Usk, Gwent)	SO3700	vexillation fortress Legio XX Valeria.
ISCA DVMNONIORVM (Exeter, Devon)	SX9292	legionary fortress Legio II Augusta.
AQVAE SVLIS (Bath, Avon)	ST7564	probable fort, occupied by cohorts of Legio XX Valeria perhaps also Ala I Thracum
CORINIVM (Cirencester, Gloucesterhire)	SP0201	fort, guarding the civitas of the Dobunni perhaps garrisoned by Ala Gallorum Indiana
CAMVLODVNVM (Colchester, Essex)	TL9925	Colonia, pre-Roman capital of the Trinovantes.
LONDINIVM (London)	TQ3281	Claudian administrative centre
VERVLAMIVM (St. Albans, Hertfordshire)	TL1307	municipium and civitas capital of the Catuvellauni.
PENNOCRVCIVM (Water Eaton, Staffordshire)	SJ9010	earlier fort, contemporary marching camps? later fort?
LETOCETVM (Wall, Staffordshire)	SK0906	earlier fort, contemporary marching camp? possibly of Paulinus expeditionary force returning from North Wales.
Greensforge, South Staffordshire	SO8688	earlier fort, contemporary marching camps? later fort?
CAESAROMAGVS (Chelmsford, Essex)	TL7006	fort, later civitas of the Trinovantes.
COMBRETOVIVM (Baylham House, Suffolk)	TM1152	fort, on the border between the Iceni and the Trinovantes.
SITOMAGVS (Ixworth, Suffolk)	TL9369	fort, on the border between the Iceni and the Catuvellauni.
Great Casterton, Leicestershire	TF0009	fort, on the border between the Iceni and the Coritani.
The Lunt, Baginton, Coventry, Warwickshire	SP3475	fort and horse-training gyrus

Publius Petronius Turpilianus (AD61/2-63)

"Petronius neither challenged the enemy nor was himself molested ..."
Cornelius Tacitus Annals XIV.xxxix

Marcus Trebellius Maximus (AD63-69)

"Trebellius was less energetic, had no military experience, and kept the province in hand by a mild-mannered administration."
Cornelius Tacitus Agricola XVI.iv

Name	N.G.Ref.	Description
GLEVVM (Gloucester)	SO8318	legionary fortress Legio II Augusta.
VIROCONIVM (Wroxeter, Shropshire)	SJ5608	legionary fortress Legio XX Valeria.

The most notable episode in this governor's administration was the withdrawal of the Fourteenth Legion from Wroxeter by the emperor Nero for use in Germany in AD67. This required a re-shuffling of the British legionary forces; the Twentieth were moved from Usk to replace the Fourteenth at Wroxeter, the Second were moved up from Exeter to Gloucester, and the Ninth were later reunited in a new legionary fortress at Lincoln.

Marcus Vettius Bolanus (AD69-71)

"Nor did Vettius Bolanus ... distress Britain with discipline ..."
Cornelius Tacitus Agricola XVI.v

Name	N.G.Ref.	Description
LINDVM (Lincoln)	SK9771	legionary fortress Legio IX Hispana.

Quintus Petilius Cerialis (AD71-73/4)

Name	N.G.Ref.	Description
EBVRACVM (York)	SE6052	legionary fortress Legio IX Hispana.
LINDVM (Lincoln)	SK9771	legionary fortress Legio II Adiutrix.
Rey Cross, Durham	NY9012	camp between Brough and Bowes
Crackenthorpe, Cumbria	NY6523	camp SE of Kirkby Thore
Plumpton Head, Cumbria	NY5035	camp between Old Penrith & Braugham
LVGVVALIVM (Carlisle, Cumbria)	NY3956	probable camp

Sextus Julius Frontinus (AD73/4-77/8)

Name	N.G.Ref.	Description
ISCA SILVRVM (Caerleon, Gwent)	ST3390	legionary fortress Legio II Augusta.
DEVA (Chester)	SJ4066	fort
LEVOBRINTA (Forden Gaer, Powys)	SO2098	fort
MEDIOMANVM (Caersws, Powys)	SO0292	fort
CICVCIVM (Brecon Gaer, Y-Gaer, Powys)	SO0029	fort
Coelbren, West Glamorgan	SN8510	fort
Castell Collen, Powys	SO0562	fort
Blaen-cwm-Bach, West Glamorgan	SS7997	large camp 3 miles E of Neath
Twyn-y-Briddallt, Mid Glamorgan	ST0098	large camp 9½ miles W of Gelli-gaer
Pen-y-Coedcae, Mid Glamorgan	ST0687	large camp 6½ miles W of Caerphilly

Later Roman Troop Movements in Wales

Welsh Forts Abandoned During the Hadrianic Period

Caerhun | Caer Gai | Abergavenny | Tomen-y-Mur | Coelbren | Pennal | Penydarren | Neath | Gelligaer | Cardiff I | Bryn y Gefeiliau

Welsh Forts Occupied During the Late-Antonine Period

Caernarfon | Forden Gaer | Castell Collen | Caersws | Brecon Gaer | Carmarthen? | Llanio? | Loughor?

Welsh Forts Occupied During the Severan Period

Caernarfon | Forden Gaer | Castell Collen | Caersws | Brecon Gaer

Click Here to Continue with the Campaigns of Gnaeus Julius Agricola

The main sources used in compiling the above information were: The Roman Invasion of Britain, Rome Against Caratacus, and Boudicca, all three books by Graham Webster, and Britons and the Roman Army by Grace Simpson. Several copies of the essential Ordnance Survey Map and Guide - Roman Britain were also consulted.